Thursday 3 January 2013

Note 5: al-Kasani on individual obligation to fight jihad

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Al-Kasani wrote in Bada'i' al-Sana'i' fi Tartib al-Shara'i': “As for explaining how jihad is becomes an obligation, there are only two possibilities: either the deployment is general, or it is not. If it is not general, then it is a sufficient [i.e. collective] obligation, meaning that it is an obligation on all who constitute the company of jihad; however, if some perform it, its [obligation] lapses for the remainder due to His Exalted Word (Q. 4:95): {God has favoured by degree those engaged in jihad with their wealth and souls over those who stay behind; to each, God has promised good.} Exalted God has promised good to those engaged in jihad and to those who stay behind; if jihad had been an absolute [i.e. individual] obligation in all cases, He would not have promised good to those who stay behind, because staying behind would be forbidden, and His Exalted Word is (Q. 9:122): {It is not for the totality of the believers to mobilise; rather let a group from each troop not mobilise in order to deepen their knowledge of religion...} [That is also] because the obligation of jihad on him, namely calling to Islam, elevating the true religion, and repelling the evil and coercive force of the disbelievers, is fulfilled when some perform it. Thus also the Prophet (PBUH) would send armed columns. If it had been an absolute individual obligation on every occasion, one could not have imagined his staying put on any occasion, nor his permitting anyone else to remain behind on occasion.”
قال الكاساني في بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع: «وأما بيان كيفية فرضية الجهاد، فالأمر فيه لا يخلو من أحد وجهين، إما إن كان النفير عاما (وإما) إن لم يكن فإن لم يكن النفير عاما فهو فرض كفاية، ومعناه: أن يفترض على جميع من هو من أهل الجهاد، لكن إذا قام به البعض سقط عن الباقين؛ لقوله عز وجل {فضل الله المجاهدين بأموالهم وأنفسهم على القاعدين درجة وكلا وعد الله الحسنى} وعد الله عز وجل المجاهدين والقاعدين الحسنى ولو كان الجهاد فرض عين في الأحوال كلها لما وعد القاعدين الحسنى؛ لأن القعود يكون حراما وقوله سبحانه وتعالى {وما كان المؤمنون لينفروا كافة فلولا نفر من كل فرقة منهم طائفة ليتفقهوا في الدين} الآية ولأن ما فرض له الجهاد وهو الدعوة إلى الإسلام، وإعلاء الدين الحق، ودفع شر الكفرة وقهرهم، يحصل بقيام البعض به. وكذا النبي صلعم كان يبعث السرايا، ولو كان فرض عين في الأحوال كلها لكان لا يتوهم منه القعود عنه في حال، ولا أذن غيره بالتخلف عنه بحال.»

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